The base of the tower crane is usually bolted to a big concrete pad which provides really crucial support. The base is connected to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane that is attached to the inside of the building's structure. Normally, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The mast of the crane is normally a triangulated lattice structure which measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Connected to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit is made of a gear and a motor that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are used in order to make certain that the driver does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or 230 feet.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will at first need to be transported to the construction site by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the machinery part of the jib and the crane. Afterwards, these parts are connected to the mast. After that, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be some of the other industrial equipment which is usually used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is referred to as a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. Then, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast section piece.