Environmental Concerns About Electric Forklift Batteries
The electric forklift is normally considered more stable and safe than gas and diesel powered IC engines. Both gas and diesel engines pose a fire risk and emit harmful exhaust toxins. The electric lift truck is not without is hazards though. They have rechargeable batteries as their power source, and batteries can present risks to personal safety as well as to the natural world. There are hazards connected with the storage, disposal, manufacture and use of rechargeable batteries for lift trucks.
Manufacturing
The lift truck battery consists of lead plates being placed in a solution of sulfuric acid, that are referred to as lead-acid rechargeable batteries. Lead is a toxin which, when used in manufacturing processes, poses hazards to the quality of water due to runoff and drainage. When lead enters a water system it can lead to different types of health problems to living beings and could even cause death. The sulfuric acid used in forklift batteries is very harmful to skin and could cause severe burns. Sulfuric acid also produces harmful fumes that can cause damage to both human beings and the natural environment.
Regular Storage and Use
Lead-acid batteries can produce hydrogen gas as a chemical byproduct when recharging. When recharging batteries for a lift truck or any other types of vehicle, smoking, sparks, flames and heat must be kept well away from the recharging place. The combustible hydrogen can cause an explosion if ignited by heat or flame.
Sulfuric acid in the batteries can cause chemical burns if it touches the bare skin. This is not an issue during normal use of the battery, but if a battery is damaged or punctured, the acid could spray or leak, potentially burning anyone who is nearby.
Disposal
Disposing of lead-acid batteries incorrectly must be avoided at all costs. The sulfuric acid can either be neutralized or recycled or could be reused in new batteries. To be able to avoid the serious environmental consequences of improper disposal, all lead-acid batteries bought or sold within the U.S. include a "core charge" that will just be returned if the used battery is turned in.